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PV inverter and hybrid inverter test bench
Sedlačko, Jozef ; Morávek, Jan (referee) ; Vrána, Michal (advisor)
Electricity production from photovoltaic power plants has been one of the fastest growing energy industries in the last decade. Number of small power inverters working parallelly with the low voltage grid is growing. At the same time, the requirements for the correct behaviour of network inverters in the network by the distribution grid operators are also increasing. The thesis deals with creation of a workplace for testing the operational and technical requirements for micro-sources. The first part of the thesis consists of literature search of inverter demands according to the current rules for parallel production operation. The second part deals with the setting up of test procedures and automation. The last part evaluates selected tests of the functions of the inverters.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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PV inverter and hybrid inverter test bench
Sedlačko, Jozef ; Morávek, Jan (referee) ; Vrána, Michal (advisor)
Electricity production from photovoltaic power plants has been one of the fastest growing energy industries in the last decade. Number of small power inverters working parallelly with the low voltage grid is growing. At the same time, the requirements for the correct behaviour of network inverters in the network by the distribution grid operators are also increasing. The thesis deals with creation of a workplace for testing the operational and technical requirements for micro-sources. The first part of the thesis consists of literature search of inverter demands according to the current rules for parallel production operation. The second part deals with the setting up of test procedures and automation. The last part evaluates selected tests of the functions of the inverters.
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Příprava náhrady souboru ochran řady SPACOM za terminály RELION řady 650 nebo 670 na jaderné elektrárně Temelín
DOUBRAVA, Jan
The thesis deals with the replacement of SPACOM protective system with new RELION series terminals. SPACOM protection sets have been discontinued and the manufacturer is discontinuing their support (i.e. discontinuation of deliveries of complete devices from warehouses and discontinuation of repairs and spare parts), which means that it is necessary to replace these protection sets with available devices. I have chosen RELION terminals from the same manufacturer as a possible replacement. These have a number of advantages over the now obsolete SPACOM protectors. The main advantage is the much larger range of protection functions available and the free programmability of these functions as well as the binary inputs and outputs. Other advantages are the possibility of complete control of a given outlet directly from the terminal, the recording of changes in inputs, outputs and states of protection functions, the recording of analogue and state values during faults on the power equipment, the permanent measurement of power analogue and state values during faults on the power equipment, the permanent measurement of power analogue values and time synchronisation and the transfer of all information to a higher-level control or information system, in our case to the NEMES system, where this information is archived and can be traced back. The terminal also performs a check wether the on and off paths, are closed which provides a better overview of the status and readiness of the switch. A significant advantage is also the considerable reduction of the number of other devices (power, auxiliary, time and special relays, transmitters, etc.) and thus the reduction of their possible failures. The theoretical part deals with the description of individual sets of protectors and terminals, their protective and other functions and their use. In the practical part, the desing of the logic of new terminals for use in the actual replacement is elaborated. In the final part of the thesis the pros and cons of each set of protections and terminals is summarized and a suitable option for the replacement of SPACOM protection sets is recommended. Here, the functional characteristics of the terminals is taken into account as well as the operational requirements and the economic aspect. The aim of this work is to prepare the basis for the replacement of the protections at the nuclear plant, which is necessary from the point of view of further long term operation. Furthermore, it can help in the preparation of both the tender and the implementation documentation, and it can also help to prepare for the replacement itself, which due to the outage schedule, is always essentially limited in time.
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PV inverter and hybrid inverter test bench
Sedlačko, Jozef ; Morávek, Jan (referee) ; Vrána, Michal (advisor)
Electricity production from photovoltaic power plants has been one of the fastest growing energy industries in the last decade. Number of small power inverters working parallelly with the low voltage grid is growing. At the same time, the requirements for the correct behaviour of network inverters in the network by the distribution grid operators are also increasing. The thesis deals with creation of a workplace for testing the operational and technical requirements for micro-sources. The first part of the thesis consists of literature search of inverter demands according to the current rules for parallel production operation. The second part deals with the setting up of test procedures and automation. The last part evaluates selected tests of the functions of the inverters.
|
|
|
PV inverter and hybrid inverter test bench
Sedlačko, Jozef ; Morávek, Jan (referee) ; Vrána, Michal (advisor)
Electricity production from photovoltaic power plants has been one of the fastest growing energy industries in the last decade. Number of small power inverters working parallelly with the low voltage grid is growing. At the same time, the requirements for the correct behaviour of network inverters in the network by the distribution grid operators are also increasing. The thesis deals with creation of a workplace for testing the operational and technical requirements for micro-sources. The first part of the thesis consists of literature search of inverter demands according to the current rules for parallel production operation. The second part deals with the setting up of test procedures and automation. The last part evaluates selected tests of the functions of the inverters.
|
|
| |
|
|
Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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